牡丹组织培养研究进展

本文从牡丹组织培养对品种、外植体的选择、基本培养基类型、生长调节物质选择和组培苗的移栽等方面论述了牡丹组织培养的研究现状。牡丹的组织培养中,外植体多采用胚、腋芽、顶芽、茎尖、幼叶、叶柄和土芽(地下芽)等,并且培养经过低温诱导后的鳞芽,可显著提高萌发率;在愈伤组织诱导试验中,选择分化程度较低的材料(如土芽),容易脱分化,获得愈伤组织;在牡丹的增殖培养中,6-BA起到了不可或缺的作用;生根培养中常使用的生长调节物质有IBA、NAA和IAA。此外,还探讨了牡丹组织培养研究中存在的问题,以及未来的研究和发展方向。     

大颗粒木质成型燃料燃烧过程烟气排放特性

选用大颗粒木质燃料为研究对象,通过管式加热炉对单颗粒木质燃料进行燃烧试验,研究不同空气流量和温度下木质燃料燃烧过程CO、NO、SO_2等气体动态排放特性。试验结果表明:800℃时,挥发分着火时间滞后,着火前即有CO随挥发分析出,CO排放浓度曲线呈双峰状;随着温度升高,CO析出峰明显变窄,从挥发分析出至焦炭燃烧完成所需时间缩短:NO排放浓度及其排放量在温度为900℃时达到最大值,燃料N至NO的转化率最高可达41.79%,随着温度升高和燃烧过程还原性气氛增强,NO析出浓度及其排放量减少,转化率可低至12.32%;木质燃料充分燃烧时,几乎无SO_2排出,S主要转化为硫酸盐固存于灰分中或于高温下随烟气排出;贫氧燃烧状态下,S02析出主要源自挥发分析出初期有机硫的分解、氧化,但燃料中更多的s以H2S、CaS等形式排出。     

基于自适应逆控制的干燥窑温度控制方法研究

针对传统产品干燥温度控制过程中所使用的非自适应反馈控制器参数不易调整的不足，提出了基于反馈误差学习(Feedback-Error-Learning, FEL)的自适应逆控制方法，并将其应用于JBGZ-2.0型干燥试验窑的温度控制。该方法使用一个传统的反馈控制器和一个可自适应调整的神经网络控制器共同作用，其中神经网络的自适应参考信号采用反馈误差，使算法简单并易于实现。由于采用了PID控制器，神经网络的学习无需事先训练即可使系统保证稳定。试验证明：与只用PID控制器方法相比，该方法不但能保证系统稳定性要求，又能满足控制系统的自适应性和未确定性要求，具有更好的动态响应特性，系统响应快，超调小，稳态精度高，在系统参数变化时温度控制稳态误差由只用PID时的3℃提高到0.5℃。     

Fragmentation of leaf litter by a natural population of the millipede Julus scandinavius (Latzel 1884)

Summary The rate and degree of fragmentation of leaf litter by Julus scandinavius in a Sycamore/ash wood in Cheshire, England, were determined from the ratio of surface area of the leaf diet consumed by all individuals of each instar during the period when they were present on the surface area of leaf materials in the faecal pellets. Generally, the rate of fragmentation of leaf litter decreased in the series young instars sexed immature instars mature instars. The total degree of increase in the fragmentation of leaf litter by the population was 72×10⁶.     

Indicators of biodiversity, what do they indicate? - Lessons for conservation of cryptogams in oak-rich forest

In the Nordic countries, sets of Indicator (Signal) species, predominantly cryptogams, have been used as one measure to find forest stands which may harbour Red List species. Such data could potentially also be used to prioritise among stands for protection as nature reserves. We studied if the number of Signal species indicates the number of Red List species in oak-rich mixed forest in south Sweden. We also explored if species richness of the investigated groups is correlated with the number of Red List or Signal species. In 25 stands, we surveyed epiphytic and epixylic bryophytes and lichens, ground-floor bryophytes, and wood-living fungi. We studied correlations for two datasets; (1) all forest species and (2) deciduous forest specialists. When relating the number of Signal species to the number of Red List species for each taxon and in total, a significant correlation was found for temperate deciduous forest lichens. The number of Signal species was further significantly correlated to total species richness for lichens (all forest species) and for wood-living fungi (both datasets). The number of Red List lichens was correlated to total lichen richness (deciduous forest species). Signal species seem not to be unequivocal in prioritising potential reserves among valuable oak-rich woodlands and surveys by Red List species experts may be needed. Signal species may be more useful for finding relatively valuable sites in a matrix of production forest. Moreover, Signal species seem to be useful surrogates for total cryptogam species richness.     

镰孢属李瑟组研究──促进李瑟组产孢的植物组织培养基

研究了采用常规方法灭菌的植物组织培养基，结果表明，在所试验的３０种植物组织培养基中，矢车菊、石竹和茶叶３种植物组织培养基能促进李瑟组镰孢产生典型的大孢子，小孢子和产孢细胞，可作为鉴定用培养基。     

双江县竹类资源及主要竹种竹材造纸性能评定

本文系统记载了双江县竹类资源及其分布情况,计有竹种11属23种,竹林面积4816.4公顷,竹材蓄积量36.93万吨。对5种主要竹种进行了造纸性能分析及综合评定,提出了适宜该区发展的优良竹种,可为该县竹业生产及纸厂建设提供可靠依据。     

金丝楸茎段的组织培养及植株再生技术研究

以金丝楸幼嫩茎段为材料研究其组织培养和植株再生技术.结果表明,金丝楸组织培养的基本培养基为WPM,幼嫩茎段诱导芽的适宜培养基为WPM IBA0.3mg·L-1 BA5mg·L-1,幼芽形成根的适宜培养基为1 2MS NAA0.5mg·L-1,该研究结果为金丝楸的细胞工程和基因工程操作及新品种的快速繁育奠定了基础.